Malleable iron is a type of cast iron known for its malleability and ductility, which sets it apart from the more brittle forms of cast iron like gray and white iron. Malleable iron is created from white iron through a heat treatment process called, which involves heating the cast iron until it reaches a critical temperature and then slowly cooling it. This process converts the carbon within the iron into graphite nodules, resulting in a unique microstructure generally characterized by a mixture of ferrite and pearlite.
The term “malleable” reflects its ability to be easily shaped and bent without fracturing. It is commonly used in manufacturing components such as pipe fittings, hand tools, and various decorative elements. Malleable iron offers a good balance of strength, ductility, and machinability, making it a valuable material in industries ranging from plumbing and construction to automotive and general engineering.