Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) is an automated welding process known for its efficiency and suitability for welding thick materials. In SAW, a continuous wire electrode is fed mechanically into the weld joint, while a granular flux material blankets the arc and the welding area. The electric arc generates intense heat, melting both the wire electrode and the base metal, which form a molten pool that solidifies to create a strong, uniform weld. The granular flux layer plays a crucial role in protecting the weld zone from atmospheric contamination, preventing oxidation, and facilitating smooth weld bead formation. SAW is commonly used in applications that require high deposition rates and where high-quality, deep penetration welds are needed, such as in the construction of pressure vessels, shipbuilding, and the fabrication of large structural components. Its automation capability makes it suitable for heavy-duty and high-volume welding tasks, ensuring consistent and reliable results.