Bulk forming processes are a group of manufacturing methods that involve shaping and forming metals and materials through the application of compressive forces. These processes are typically used to create components that are larger in size and exhibit a significant change in shape. Common examples of bulk forming processes are forging, rolling, and extrusion.
Most bulk forming processes can be done either at room temperature, or at elevated temperature. The choice between conducting bulk forming processes at room temperature (cold forming) or elevated temperature (hot forming) depends on several factors, primarily the material properties and the desired characteristics of the final product. Cold forming, performed at or near room temperature, is suitable for materials with good ductility, as it can enhance their mechanical properties through strain hardening. It is ideal for applications where precision, tight tolerances, and excellent surface finish are crucial. Materials like aluminum, stainless steel, and low-carbon steel are commonly used in cold forming processes due to their ductile nature.