Schematic or Circuit Diagram

A schematic diagram (or circuit diagram) is a graphical representation of an electrical or electronic circuit, showing how components are interconnected. It uses standardized symbols rather than realistic images to represent electrical elements like resistors, capacitors, transistors, and integrated circuits.

Key Features of Schematic Diagrams

  • Standardized Symbols – Components are represented using symbols defined by standards such as IEEE, ANSI, or IEC.
  • Electrical Connections – Lines represent conductive paths (wires or PCB traces) that electrically connect components.
  • Component Labels and Values – Resistors, capacitors, diodes, etc., are labeled (e.g., R1, C2) with their values (e.g., 10 kΩ, 100 µF) to define their characteristics.
  • Power and Ground Connections – Power supply lines (e.g., +5V, -12V) and ground (GND) are clearly marked to ensure proper circuit operation.
  • Signal Flow Representation – The layout follows logical flow rather than physical arrangement, making it easier to understand circuit operation.
  • Optional Notes – Additional annotations may explain circuit function, operating conditions, or specific design constraints.