The dish angle in end mill geometry refers to the slight concavity on the end face of the tool, ensuring that the cutting edges are the highest points. This design prevents the center of the tool from rubbing against the workpiece, reducing friction and improving cutting efficiency. The dish angle is especially important for end mills used in flat-bottom machining, as it allows the periphery to engage first, enhancing chip evacuation and surface finish. While typically small—often around 1°—the dish angle plays a crucial role in maintaining proper cutting action and prolonging tool life.
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