Lathes are machine tools designed to rotate a workpiece against a cutting tool to remove material and produce cylindrical parts. As one of the oldest and most versatile forms of machining, lathes are essential for producing shafts, bushings, threads, tapers, and other round components. In turning operations, the cutting tool typically moves parallel or perpendicular to the axis of rotation to perform operations such as facing, straight turning, taper turning, and threading.